Use of Figures

The important issue in determining whether permission is needed for an altered figure is the amount of alteration. The change must be substantial if you want to avoid the legal requirement to obtain permissions. What constitutes “substantial” change is a murky legal area. Redrawing a figure, changing straight lines to arrows, relabeling a figure with letters instead of numbers, or reordering columns in a table does not constitute a substantial change and can distort the meaning of the original material. The best approach for avoiding permission issues is to use original materials wherever possible. Adapted rule is that the table or figure must be at least 70% different from the original. Permission requests are rarely denied, but they are frequently ignored, despite repeated attempts to secure them. Some follow-up may be necessary. If permission cannot be obtained or if a fee is associated and you do not wish to pay it, you can: 1. Delete the copyrighted material. 2. Find a substitute for the copyrighted material. 3. Substantially alter the material so permission is no longer required. You will still need to attribute the original source for the content of the material.

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